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It applies to sales of both newly created investments and existing investments. The PRIIPs Regulation provides a clear definition of retail investor, which broadly comprises EU individual and small companies (unless they can be defined as a professional investor). The KID must comply with certain criteria (size and language of the document), and be provided before the sale, to give the investor enough time to make an informed decision. Well-informed investors of a SIF, SICAR or RAIF may fall within that category. The PRIIPs Regulation introduced the obligation for any persons who manufacture a PRIIP (including, among others, funds, carry and co-invest vehicles) to provide EU retail investors with a key information document (KID). Its scope is broad, as PRIIPs are defined as investments where, regardless of the legal form, the amount repayable to the retail investor is subject to fluctuations due to exposure to reference values or to the performance of one or more assets which are not directly purchased by the retail investor. Overall, the implications of intensive beef farming for animal welfare and local waste generation in Brazil require attention as pressure to avoid deforestation continues to stimulate the practice.On 1 January 2018, the PRIIPs Regulation ( (EU) 1286/2014) entered into force. For the first time, (1) we document an expansion to the Amazon biome (2) we also show that confinements are associated with substantially higher productivity rates, though intensified pasture-based systems can reach comparable yields (3) that confinements have crop production levels 2-3 times higher than comparable properties, both in- and out-of-farm and (4) that confinements tend to slow down on-property deforestation when compared to fattening ranches in the Amazon biome, although off-property effects could be substantial and need further study. We used the new dataset to map cattle confinements across space and time. But rapid expansion in Pará and Rondônia remains largely unnoticed due to the absence of data since 2012. In Mato Grosso, the country’s agribusiness powerhouse, confinements are well established and account for ˜20% of the cattle slaughter. Using a combination of data mining and field surveys, we developed a georeferenced dataset of 201 cattle confinements in the states of Mato Grosso (Cerrado and Amazon biomes), Pará and Rondônia (Amazon biome), collected in 2017. Here, we document the expansion of intensive beef farming to the Brazilian Amazon in order to assess socio-environmental implications. Such practices have been under scrutiny since the 1960s for animal welfare and pollution issues.
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Systems of intensive animal farming, such as the confinement of beef cattle, are widespread in the developed world.
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